Voices from the Foot of the Cross

This worker young lady comes up to me â€Å"You additionally were with Jesus of Galilee,† she says That must be the point at which I initially started to lose it I didn't stop to think then I Just terminated back, I said l don't have the foggiest idea what you're talking about,† All a similar I moved back a piece, yet they were onto me murmuring ceaselessly †I could see they didn't trust me it resembled they were considering me a liar since this other young lady she yells out so everybody can hear â€Å"This individual was with Jesus of Nazareth. † I said â€Å"l don't have the foggiest idea about the man! † I may have sworn a piece also to cause them to trust me for what reason did they not trust me? †I don't seem as though a liar After a piece they all began and I realized I'd said an excessive amount of in light of the fact that they said â€Å"Surely you are one of them, your complement parts with you. † I totally lost it at that point, however I was too irate to even consider noticing I more likely than not said each word under the sun to persuade them â€Å"l don't have the foggiest idea about the man! † Then, following I'd said it, a chicken crowed. At that point I realized I'd lost it. Jesus, what occurs straightaway? O consistently appeared to realize what might occur next I thought when they lashed you, that would be the end what number of men, resilient men at that, can endure a Roman flagellating? I believed that would be the end you, whipped to death. Vive seen your back, from a separation Vive seen what those Jagged bones in the whip never really back destroying you tearing the muscle from your bonesThese Romans are creatures desire Survived for what, since now it's more awful what could be more regrettable than a Roman flagellating †just a Roman cross These Romans are creatures Do you think about me? Do you realize you were correct from the start ? About me abandoning you, about me denying y ou I am Simon †Vive lost Peter Vive lost it Vive lost the individual I was with you and now I'm losing you. 3. Jesus is derided by the warriors Met 27. 7-31 Monolog: a warrior I'm one of those officers I had the evening off so I went along I'll remain quiet about my name I wish I hadn't come not since I can see him I mean, when we got our hands on him toward the beginning of today here wasn't greatly left of him there never is highly left after a beating and he was a difficulty producer †¦ So they said equivalent to each one of those fixes from Galilee all the instigators originate from that point, raising a ruckus, upsetting the individuals, similar to these individuals need a lot to make them go particularly this week It's one of their celebrations Passover they consider it And we're all nervous in the army since things get somewhat insane at Passover it's all something about them being liberated from subjugation I don't know †at some point route back in the past so mething about Egypt †yet it's essential to them they all prior piece crazyAnd so all the chaps are anxious we're watching out for them the fixes †any riffraff raisers hit the pioneers hard †that quiets the rest down all the fellows had got somewhat insane They begun it, the others, not me I wasn't going to Join in but rather once everybody was at him I was unable to be forgotten about that is requesting inconvenience and at any rate troublemakers get what's coming to them he realized what he was doing a week ago when he rode that jackass into town he recognized what was coming to him typical case guy rides in on a jackass people wave palm branches they go crazy and state the ruler experiences showed up and there's difficulty for everybody then e needn't bother with another of their ‘kings' it's Just he didn't look like difficulty and even less so when they had dressed him up as a lord somebody got this red robe I intend no mischief in having a giggle and he was requesting it in any case they put this red robe on him and this crown of thistles †presently that was terrible †those thistles are sharp the guy who put it on his head figures he fell off more terrible all his mind were spiked and draining he's a horrible one †he slammed it down on the detainee's head no, that was awful I didn't begin the awful stuff however the nastier it got the more he took a gander at us not irate simply tragic I wish he'd been furious I wish he'd reviled us yet he Just took a gander at us, dismal and startled I wish I hadn't done it I wish I could begin today again yet it was either that or set him free I needed to accomplish something †so I took the stick I grabbed the stick the one they gave him as a staff to go with the crown he wouldn't quit taking a gander at me I had no way out it was past the point of no return by then the others had filled me with †like with this harm it was hit him or free him I was unable to have done whateve r else it resembled a franticness blow after blow about his head and there wasn't a lot of him in the first placeJesus, I can't see you currently despite the fact that they've presently done more awful to you yet I can't quit taking a gander at you since you're seeing them currently like you saw me no vengeance no scorn just pity not misery for yourself, yet for them and pity for me as though I'm the person who merits feel sorry for like I'm the one in a tough situation 4. Jesus executed Met 27. 32-37 Monolog: John adjusted from Stages in transit WAR IANA Community peg 1 50 I am John. However, I am embarrassed to state I have been staying away today. Things will get a piece unreasonably hot for me in the event that I am seen by the Romans. Jesus continued letting us know, different supporters ND myself about him enduring and biting the dust. I listened however I Just never figured it would occur and afterward when it began, everything occurred so rapidly. I can't recall what I was d oing or feeling, it is every one of the a blur.I needed to do one final thing for him yet when I was required I was not there. I would have conveyed his cross right to Goliath if that would have saved him any torment yet I was covering up, at the rear of the group. Rather they got an all out outsider to do it: Simon from Serene. He said he would not have been in Jerusalem today in the event that it had not been for business. The Romans Just ribbed him, a total more odd, out the group and made him convey Jesus' cross. He figured they asked him since his shading makes him stick out and what can a dark man say in a horde of white individuals? So he conveyed the cross right here. Hadn't obtained some much needed education why or what was going on.He viewed with me for some time and he was unable to comprehend. He continued asking me: What was it about? For what reason would they say they were doing this to Jesus? What had he done to legitimacy such corrupting pitilessness? What kind of wrongdoing merits the cross? I didn't have any responses for him. We observed together peacefully as they nailed Jesus to the cross. We winced each time the mallet fell, driving the nails further and more profound into Jesus' hands with each strike. I willed the sledge to miss however it hit home without fail, curving and tearing his hands, hands that had brought such a great amount of care to other people. Simon from Serene continued asking me â€Å"What might he be able to have done to merit this? † Once again I had no response for him.After they had nailed him to the cross, hands and feet, they lifted it up high. A few people really cheered. Would you be able to trust it? They cheered! The cross pounded into spot and I saw the anguish all over. Simon and I viewed dumbfounded. We were aliens to one another, I had known Jesus for a very long time and Simon had just barely met him yet we were both moronic hit with the ghastliness, all things considered, Presently I remain her e watching you gradually bite the dust Jesus, I recollect you disclosed to us you would endure and pass on. I didn't take it in at that point and I don't comprehend it now. I need to plan something for help you; anything and watch vulnerable. The last individual to help you was a finished outsider. Jesus, I so need to support you, yet I can't. 5.Jesus is derided again Met 27. 38-44 Monolog: The unknown lady who blessed Jesus I'm here and attempting to think what to accomplish for him. Something consistently happens to me. I'm never ordinarily at a misfortune for what to do. Try not to waste time with my name †you'll just overlook it every other person does. Vive consistently got brief comment for myself †I have to It's the main way anybody would see me. Each one of those chaps who used to hang round, reigning over us, since they were his first class, his pupils †they were constantly seen, we as a whole know their names I Just don't see them now †they've all run o ff into stowing away. Well there's the benefit of being unremarkable nobody sees me here now.Me, in a horde of numb-skulls yet I am not part of it. They spill out their merciless words, their modest put-down, they let all their hatred run over him †yet I'll have no part in that. I have no words and I can sit idle. Remaining here taking a gander at Jesus I am confused simply like the last time I saw him just a couple of days back. I was in the place of Simon the Leper and he was there as well and now I consider it he looked pitiful then he appeared as though a man with a ton at the forefront of his thoughts, similar to he was conveying an extraordinary weight†¦ I don't have the foggiest idea what came over me-I truly don't I Just comprehended what I needed to do It felt like the most clear thing, however I was unable to have clarified why. I had this Jar of aroma, no old fragrance,

Are humans naturally good or naturally evil Essay

Are people normally acceptable or normally shrewd? Paul Bloom’s (clinician) answer is yes. Most grown-ups know wrong from right, for the excep*on of psychos. The saints who act the hero, the ones that are baffled, by a portion of the things that happen in our general public and the demonstration of generosity. There is a push to make the miscreants pay for what they commi-ed, help the poor, likewise emo*onal reactions that spin around profound quality. Research in labs, demonstrate the case that feeling of good and malice are reproduced in the bone. Infants and little children can pass judgment on others ac*ons dependent on whether they are malevolent or acceptable. They feel a similar route about abhorrent and terrible and respond a similar path as grown-ups. They additionally like Nikki Daniel 2/12/14 first recent development of quarter 3 for each 2 the individuals who do as well. In view of their conduct, their decisions and ac*ons we can determine what they like and aversion. There is breaking point to profound quality. Children start moderate and afterward begin considering themselves to be a gathering. Most people acquire general good thoughts. Our ac*ons fall low contrast with our ethical standards. Communica*ng with individuals with indistinguishable ethics and qualities from you is a major piece of growing up to be a decent individual. This exploration may change the way that numerous individuals feel about their infants and kids. Some think babies are awful seeds others think they are mental cases. Our encompassing can change our common good detects. Understanding good brain science can make the world a be-er place. The Nikki Daniel 2/12/14 first recent development of quarter 3 for each 2 study of child profound quality is about human instincts best and most exceedingly terrible. It is really pre-y objective that children and li-le children can tell the di5erence between great from terrible. I think with individuals with be-er ethical quality, the world would be a be-er place. Numerous individuals have confidence in a certain something and accomplish something totally di5erent. I discovered some new information. Truly, I thought babies’ mind resembled a size of a nut and didn't know directly from wrong. I realized they could detect when somebody is a decent individual or terrible individual yet I didn't think pretty much the entirety of this.

What Is Permissive Parenting

What Is Permissive Parenting Theories Developmental Psychology Print Permissive Parenting Characteristics and Effects By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on August 15, 2019 Illustration by Hugo Lin, Verywell More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Research Characteristics of Permissive Parenting Effects Strategies View All Back To Top Permissive parenting is a type of parenting style characterized by low demands with high responsiveness. Permissive parents tend to be very loving, yet provide few guidelines and rules. These parents do not expect mature behavior from their children and often seem more like a friend than a parental figure. These parents tend to be the polar opposite of the so-called helicopter parents. Instead of hovering over their childrens every move, permissive parents are incredibly lax  and rarely make or enforce any type of rules or structure. Their motto is often simply that kids will be kids. While they are usually warm and loving, they make little or no attempt to control or discipline their kids. Because there are few rules, expectations, and demands, children raised by permissive parents tend to struggle with self-regulation and self-control. Early Research on Permissive Parenting Based on her research with preschool-age children, developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind described three major  parenting styles. In later years, researchers would continue to investigate the different styles of parenting and even added a fourth style. Permissive parenting is one of the original parenting styles described by Baumrind. Permissive parenting is sometimes known as indulgent parenting. Parents who exhibit this style make relatively few demands on their children. Because these parents have low expectations for self-control and maturity, discipline is a rarity. According to Baumrind, permissive parents are more responsive than they are demanding. They are nontraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation. Characteristics of Permissive Parenting Permissive parents: Have few rules or standards of behaviorWhen there are rules, they are often very inconsistentAre usually very nurturing and loving towards their kidsOften seem more like a friend, rather than a parentMay use bribery such as toys, gifts, and food as a means to get a child to behaveProvide little in the way of a schedule or structureEmphasize their childrens freedom rather than responsibilityAsk their childrens opinions on major decisionsRarely enforce any type of consequences The Effects of Permissive Parenting Researchers have found that the overly relaxed approach to parenting exhibited by permissive parents can lead to a number of negative outcomes. Children raised by permissive parents tend to lack self-discipline, possess poor social skills, may be self-involved and demanding, and may feel insecure due to the lack of boundaries and guidance. Research has also suggested that kids raised by permissive parents: Display low achievement in many areas. Because their parents have little to no expectations of them, these kids have nothing to strive toward. Studies have linked permissive parenting to lower academic achievement.Make poor decisions. Since their parents to not set or enforce any type of rules or guidelines, these kids struggle to learn good problem-solving and decision-making skills.Display more aggression and less emotional understanding. Because they do not learn to deal with their emotions effectively, particularly in situations where they do not get what they want, children with permissive parents may struggle when faced with stressful or emotionally difficult situations.May be more prone to delinquency and substance use. Studies suggest that children raised by permissive parents are more likely to engage in misconduct and alcohol or substance use.Unable to manage their time or habits. Because of the lack of structure and rules in the home, these kids never learn limits. This mi ght lead to watching too much television, playing too many computer games, and eating too much. These children never learn to limit their screen time or eating habits, which can lead to unhealthy habits and obesity. In one study, permissive parenting was linked to underage alcohol use; teens with permissive parents were three times more likely to engage in heavy drinking. Researchers also suggest that permissive parenting is linked to other risky behaviors such as drug use and other forms of misconduct. Because permissive parenting involves a lack of demands and expectations, children raised by parents with this style tend to grow up without a strong sense of self-discipline. They may be more unruly in school due to the lack of boundaries in the home and may be less academically  motivated  than many of their peers. Since these parents have few requirements for mature behavior, children may lack skills in social settings. While they may be good at interpersonal communication, they lack other important skills such as sharing. What Can You Do About Permissive Parenting? If you tend to be a pushover or struggle to enforce rules, consider looking for ways that you can develop some more authoritative parenting habits. This can be difficult at times, because it often means becoming stricter, enforcing rules, and being able to cope with your child being upset. Some strategies you might consider: Develop a list of basic household rules. In order for your kids to know how they are supposed to behave, they need to clearly understand what your expectations are.Make sure your kids understand the penalty of breaking the rules. Guidelines are useless unless there is some sort of consequence for failing to follow them. Time-outs and losing privileges are logical consequences for breaking the household rules.Follow through. This can be the greatest struggle for parents who tend to be permissive, but it is important. Try to be firm and consistent, but still loving. Help your kids understand why such rules are important by providing adequate feedback and explanations, but still make sure that consequences are in place.Reward good behavior. Try to catch your children being good and allow special privileges when they display these actions. A Word From Verywell Permissive parenting can lead to a number of problems, so it pays to consciously try to utilize a more authoritative approach if you recognize these signs of permissiveness in your own parenting.  If you tend to be more of a permissive parent, think of ways that you can help your children understand your expectations and guidelines and be consistent about your enforcement of these rules. By providing your kids with the right balance of structure and support, you can ensure that they grow up with the skills they need to succeed in life.

Ethnics in Public Health Practice Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Ethics in Public Health and Ethics Ethics in Public Health and Ethics Introduction The application of ethical principles in public health practice is informed by the connection between morality and healthcare administration. Public health practice is regarded as a moral practice. It is carried out in the best interest of humanity and is anchored on the objective of improving the welfare of the human subject (Peckham & Hann, 2010). The ends of public health administration are understood within the need to protect and promote human health. The recognition of the sanctity of human life and the upholding of the objectives of good health are key considerations that underpin the practice and service of public health. Human life is considered as sacred and higher in hierarchy as compared to the lives of other living things. Therefore, the best practices and methods should be adopted in the dispensation of healthcare, on which the essence of life is centrally dependent. Deontological Ethics Theory and Public Health Practice Theoretically, the inculcation of ethics within public health practice is considered along the theory of deontology. This theory affirms the need for people to stick to their duties and obligations when undertaking various activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnics in Public Health Practice or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The deontological perspective on public health will require the public health practitioner to embrace the duty and obligation of community service by adopting approaches and attitudes that promote the welfare of the community (Bradley, Bradley & Burls, 2012). A deontological perspective on health would involve the selfless application of duty in ways that prioritize service to humanity above private interests. The role and value of ethics in public health practice also takes the dimension of society. Individuals are not considered in isolation. They are regarded as part of the wider society. A patient is considered as a unit that forms part of the wider society. The application of public health practices is usually conceptualized within the wider scope of society. The aims are usually projected towards the wider public. In this regard, it is important to recognize the value of public health practices as those that seek to make impact of a wider scale. The promotion of societal health is considered as a moral duty of the healthcare practitioner (Novick, Morrow & Mays, 2007). The healthcare practitioner has the duty of improving the health of the population by applying some basic principles that seek to preserve the health of the society as understood within the framework of morality.

Physical Exercise, Muscle Mass Building - 1293 Words

There is a considerable misplaced and nearly always neglected concept that is just an important definite necessity with regard to any kind of weightlifting routine- either for physical fitness, muscle mass building, powerlifting, strength training or professional sports performance- which will certainly raise the actual intensity in addition to greatly enhance your gains without ever modifying a single facet of your present workout. A bit too often- sports athletes remain zeroed in entirely on exactly how much these individuals could possibly lift, more often than not minimizing top quality technique, and consequently more or less always omitting this amazing essential technique. That is considered markedly valid given that this specific weightlifting technique should be able to naturally humble individuals driven entirely on simply how much extra weight that they have the ability to lift. Having so much primary focus in relation to your work out daily schedule, it s structure, the physical exercises necessary, in addition to just how much surplus weight you may can use- truth be told there is actually a unique, and practically the most valuable technique when exercising while using weights which in turn is in many instances lost in the shuffle: flexing the main intended muscle at the top of the work out movement. Should you be new to weightlifting- possibly this could quite possibly be the very first time you have heard of such a concept, on top of that in case you are aShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes Muscle Hypertrophy?1429 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Causes Muscle Hypertrophy? It has been said it is not where you start but where you finish. In the sport of weight training there is no finish. Individuals are constantly striving to get bigger, stronger and faster. All bodybuilders have made an effort to put on muscle mass. However, even individuals who get paid to build muscle as a profession, had to have been small at one point. The question is what causes muscle hypertrophy? The answer†¦ is progressive overload of the muscle. Muscle hypertrophyRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Exercise Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages Exercise is not just for Olympic athletes or supermodels. In fact, youre never too unfit, too young or too old to do it. Regardless of your age, gender or role in life, you can benefit from regular physical activity. If youre committed, exercise in combination with a sensible diet can help provide an overall sense of well-being and can even help prevent chronic illness, disability and premature death. Some of the benefits of increased activity are Improved HealthRead MoreWhat Are Branched Chain Amino Acids?991 Words   |  4 Pages Build Awesome Muscles with Branched Chain Amino Acids. What are Branched Chain Amino Acids? 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An important step toward having healthy bones throughout life isRead MoreEssay on Branched Chain Amino Acids On Sports Performance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesessential because they are not synthesized by the body and have to be supplied through diet. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which in turn, are the building blocks of the body. A high proportion of muscle tissue is built of BCAAs. Therefore, these are of high utility in increasing muscle mass, especially for those who undertake strength training. II. Sources of BCAAs Since BCAAs are essential amino acids,Read MoreCreatine s Performance Enhancing Athletic Performance1293 Words   |  6 PagesCarter Eckhardt CP Eng IV 2nd hr. February 24, 2016 Muscle Candy If you ever wandered through a pharmacy, you may have seen muscular bodybuilders checking out creatine (Cr) supplements. Many athletes consume this supplement to build strength and enhance athletic performance, especially towards physical efforts requiring energy bursts. Since English Olympians initially brought attention to creatine s performance-enhancing benefits at the 1992 Barcelona Games, creatine s popularity has skyrocketedRead MoreHigh Intensity Interval Training1011 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans, both men and women, are turning to exercise as a means of weight loss. Participating in an exercise program can help facilitate weight loss by increasing caloric and fat expenditure. Many people begin an exercise regime with hopes of gaining muscle and losing fat at the same time; however, often times it is more complicated than that. Different modes of exercise have various effects on the body. For example, hormonal responses vary with type of exercise training and gender. Men tend to haveRead MoreArnolds Philosophy on Bodybuilding1563 Words   |  7 Pagesthan physical. For him, it was, and still is, all or nothing. While competing, he did not go through the motions; he worked out to be larger than life. In one of his most powerful philosophies he connected bodybuilding to the mind, explaining that, the secret is to make your mind work for you, not against you (Schwarzenegger, 2005, p.177). Here Arnold is stating that the goal of a rational bodybuilder should be to fully actualize your potential as a human being, not simply your physical potentialRead MoreBenefits of Weight Training913 Words   |  4 Pagesit can improve the quality of life for anyone who can do it. Weightlifting is one of the activities that, in conjunction with other exercise and proper diet, will improve overall health, physical perform ance, and mentality. Building denser bones is extremely important for the elderly and especially elderly women. Osteoporosis is the gradual thinning of bone mass and bone density (â€Å"Osteoporosis†). Osteoporosis is a very common disease amongst women and it is estimated that approximately 1 outRead MoreThe Physical Activity Guidelines For Americans ( U.s. Department Of Health And Human Services918 Words   |  4 Pagesplenty of water to be healthy. However, when it comes to exercise, opinions vary on what is best. Many doctors urge patients to simply walk more, however, an equivalent amount of time spent performing some form of resistance training versus walking may be the superior choice. Resistance (or strength) training improves a person’s overall health, enhances their quality of life, and can increase life expectancy. According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (U.S. Department of Health

A Case Analysis Integra and Intex’s Problem Project Free Essays

Marketing and promoting new technology has always been undemanding due to the growing trend in business and commerce of going electronic. However, not all technology is successful in their entry into the world of business. One very good example of this incident is that of Integra and Intex’s Banking and Loan Insurance Software System (BLISS) project. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Analysis: Integra and Intex’s Problem Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the software was completed, it was never introduced to credit unions. What happened then? How come such a very innovative project became a wasted product?   What were the mistakes made? Most significantly, what can the two businesses do to cope with the damaging effects the project has brought about? Case Background The BLISS project was spearheaded by two firms, namely, Integra Financial Corporation and Intex Consulting. Integra Financial Corporation, a life insurance company based in Quebec, Canada, is active in insurance, trust services, securities brokerage and asset and portfolio management (Roy, 2003, p. 445). The corporation is responsible for approximately 8 billion dollars of assets while the work force consists of more than 2,200 permanent employees (Roy, 2003, p. 445). On the other hand, the partner company, Intex Consulting is a firm that specializes in the installation and design of information systems. It is actually a Canadian branch of a large international information system integration firm who wishes to gain its prominent place in Canadian banking business (Roy, 2003, p. 445). The firm is widely known for its expertise in the U.S. banking industry concerning system integration and development (Roy, 2003, p. 447). Although Integra has a competitive share in the insurance banking business, it does not have the whole of Canada. The company only emerges in Quebec due to one of its unique insurance plan. This plan is the Loan and Mortgage Insurance plan, also called the corporation’s â€Å"cash cow† (Roy, 2003, p. 446). What makes it different from plans of other insurance corporations is its special software that enables a customized calculation of the expenses per client and directly links Integra’s database with the participating banking institutions. However, the software is limited for use only in Quebec where the banking institutions have somewhat similar structures. When it comes to the national market, Integra cannot venture into it since the different banking structures and institutions are diverging and dissimilar. Thus, the loan insurance plan was inapplicable. This very challenge has allowed the search for a way to penetrate the loan insurance business in the national network. It is in this situation that contact was made with Intex Consulting regarding Integra’s dream software. Thus, after the meeting of the two business establishments, the BLISS project was born and launched in the beginning of 1996 (Roy, 2003, p. 448). The primary goal of the joint project was to develop an appropriate technology solution to connect Integra’s loan insurance systems with its prospective clients’ banking and loan systems, particularly, a software system that can bridge the differences of the different structures of the diverse banking institutions and loan systems (Roy, 2003, p. 447). Key persons in both companies were then appointed for the project’s completion. Everyone was eager to see the results and was very optimistic because at that time, the project was a major endeavor and a promising success. Everyone saw the proposal as a means to expand the company. In addition, everyone was confident with the decision of pursuing the project. One would actually ask why but why not? Everyone believed that Integra is capable of doing so, due to its very long and successful experience in loan insurance business and that Intex has the guts of designing and developing an error-free software system since the firm is known for its competitiveness (Roy, 2003, p. 448). How to cite A Case Analysis: Integra and Intex’s Problem Project, Papers

Symptoms and Treatment of Sinus Infection

Introduction The sinuses are tiny bags of air positioned at the back of a person’s forehead, eyes, cheekbones, and nose. Sinus infections are relatively harmless if detected and treated in time. This paper is a patient education material on sinus infections, their symptoms and treatment as well as the risk posed by not treating sinus infections in time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symptoms and Treatment of Sinus Infection specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Forms of Sinus Infections Acute sinusitis is the form of sinus infection caused by a virus and lasts approximately one or two weeks (Brook, 2007). A sub-acute sinusitis is caused by bacteria or seasonal allergies and can persist for around three months. Chronic sinusitis persists for over three months and is often caused by incessant allergies or problems with the structure of the nose. Symptoms of Sinusitis The indications of a sinus infection look li ke the symptoms of common colds (Thaler Kennedy, 2009). These signs include nasal discharge, headache, fever, persistent cough, congestion of the nasal cavity, fatigue, foul breath, and facial pain. Frontal sinusitis produces pain in the forehead can result in osteomyelitis if left untreated. The pain in the cheekbone and upper teeth is due to maximal sinusitis. Treatment for Sinus Infections The headache and pain on the forehead and upper teeth can be remedied by taking pain relieving drugs such as ibuprofen. If the symptoms persist for more than one week, a healthcare provider can prescribe antibiotics since the infection probably is bacterial. A patient with facial pain probably has bacterial sinusitis and should take antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor. The patient must finish the dosage to prevent re-infection and is advised to visit the doctor for an extra check-up. The Danger of Untreated Sinusitis If undiagnosed or untreated for a protracted period, sinusitis can cause other serious problems such as abscesses (puss) in the nasal cavity and meningitis (Josephson, 2006). It can also result in orbital cellulitis, an illness of the aural that causes intense discomfort in the ear and can lead to swelling of the brain. This condition can also damage one’s auditory ability. Conclusion The symptoms of sinusitis are often confused with the common cold and may not be diagnosed easily. If left untreated, sinusitis can lead to life-threatening complications, some of which may require surgery. References Brook, I. (2007). Acute and chronic bacterial sinusitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 21(2):427-448.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Josephson, J. (2006). Sinus relief now: The groundbreaking 5-step program for sinus, allergy, and asthma sufferers. USA: Penguin. Thaler, E., Kennedy, D. (2009). Rhinosinusitis: A guide for diagnosis and management. New York: Springer. This essay on Symptoms and Treatment of Sinus Infection was written and submitted by user Ernesto Haley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom As Managing Small Business essay

buy custom As Managing Small Business essay Introduction Contrary to assumptions made by many, running a business is not an easy task and it in deed requires knowledge and skills which are applied into it. Following this notion, it is of great importance for anyone who aspires to be a successful entrepreneur to tirelessly search for knowledge that will enable him or her plan, establish and run his or her business effectively. This follows the notion that businesses have numerous functional systems some of which include inventory systems, sales systems, financial control, communication among workers and logistics systems if only to mention a few. An understanding manager is required to supervise the business and ensure that everything is in its set position and that all the systems are operational. Since the decisions of a manager have a great impact on the business, it is recommended that before people embark on managing their business, they should have the necessary skills to enable them make upright and sound decisions concerning their businesses. Though it might sound easier when mentioned but acquisition of these skills is quite a nagging task that demands ones time, energy and resources. This document gives an in-depth overview on how one can run business and ensure that it flourishes thus outshining all its competitors. It makes a closer observation of the skills that a manager ought to have in order to manage his or her business appropriately and consequently run it properly. To facilitate proper research, the document is divided into various sections all of which reinforce to the main aim of the research: skills necessary for the management of business which can also be referred as strategic management skills. Purpose Like earlier mentioned in the previous section, the chief purpose of this research is to establish the skills that are necessary for creating, operating and managing a small business. The research is directed towards creating a clear understanding why it is necessary to acquire management skills and at the same time apply them in a business. At this particular level, it is of paramount importance to understand that strategic management involves the continuous process of coming up with strategies that make the enterprise profitable and at the same time brings and maintains harmony between the business and its surroundings (Mia, Sands, Iselin, 2011). This is achieved by taking into account all the strengths that business already has and using them to achieve the objectives set for the business. Weaknesses that are likely to hurt the business are on the other hand exploited in the favor of the business. In simpler terms, carrying out the SWOT analysis raises the business on higher grou nds and makes it flourish. Excellent strategies will undoubtedly be associated with various benefits some of which are mentioned below. To start with, strategic management takes into consideration what lies ahead and anticipates for it. This way, strategies are made both logically and rationally which ensures success of the business (Mia, Sands, Iselin, 2011). Another benefit is that management reduces confusion as processes to be followed are designed in such a way that they follow a procedure. Due to its renowned culture of seeking opportunities, proper management is associated with growth. This success consequently adds into the businesses reputation, something that lures more customers into the business, catches and sustains their loyalty. Scope This research will follow a certain trend from its initial stages up to the final mature stage. Collecting of data will be at the very beginning of the survey from various sources some of which are primary and others are secondary. Later on, the collected data will be analyzed and presented in a way that will make it beneficial to other people. Collection of data will involve face-to-face interview and another interview via email. Methodology This research was mainly aimed at gathering qualitative data on the various ways used in establishing and directing strategies and decision making in all activities that relate to creating, operating, and managing the small business (Horrocks King, 2009). All these characteristics have to be studied in relation with aims of the study. As such, the study has to be exploratory with its chief objective being provision of an in-depth explanation on the various methods and steps that ought to be embraced to ensure that a small business maneuver, stabilize, and increase its market share in spite of the innumerable challenges. To guarantee that the research produces practicable results, a questionnaire to be filled by some successful entrepreneurs is vital to get their views and opinions which will act as feedback on what one is expected to do if he or she aspires to succeed in business. The duly completed questionnaires will be used to provide info on the trends that should to be followed in planning for achievement. In addition, they are expected to answer the question of how appropriately the marketing mix can be embrace in order to maximize profits and minimize production cost concurrently. To overcome challenges associated with this research method, precautions are to be seriously taken into consideration in order to improve reliability of the research (Mary, 2010). Some of the problems associated with qualitative research like data load as a result of using open-ended questions will be overcome by ascertaining that the asked questions are clear, correct, accurate and precise thus direct unto the point. In efforts to reduce cost and misuse of time, the budget is to include the essential equipments and leave out the rest that are not so important. Presenting the results in a clear logical language that can be understood by the other people is a special way to eliminate complexity and make the research beneficial not only to the researcher but also to the others (Horrocks King, 2009). Sampling The respondents were sampled focusing on success in their businesses and their willingness to give information honestly. Consideration of their activeness, innovation, industriousness and commitment in business was yet another significant factor that has to be put into account. This follows the notion that different people have varied levels of generosity and some might not be willing to participate in the survey. In the research, a sample frame of active and successful business people was targeted from different walks of life. From this frame, a sample of three individuals was selected for the research depending on their industriousness and the level of intelligence. The sampling was targeting the most competent group of people in order to save time and acquire both high quality and quantity information relevant to the research while filling the questionnaires. Random sampling was used to avoid any bias and ensure that the respondents were balanced in terms of gender. Collecting information from both men and women was chief because it would provide abundant information on the different kinds of impressions that people have concerning running of a business. The major reason for using flourishing business people is because they are more conversant with the various techniques that can be used in entrepreneurship. They were therefore likely to provide information on the various management strategies that can be embraced to succeed. The use of three people was important in the sense that it would make comparison of information from different respondents possible thus increasing the trustworthiness of the results (Seidman, 2006). Instrumentation This research was exclusively reliant on two major instruments for data collection: interview questions and questionnaires which are to be filled during and after the interview. The structured interview type was preferred to the other types due to its evident standardization quality. The method was more fixed than the others having a special guide of questions to follow when conducting the interview (Kajornboon, 2005). The interview was conducted differently with the interviewees being encouraged to talk frankly, openly and provide as much information as possible. This method enabled the respondents to express their opinions and share their knowledge and experiences thus providing answers to the aims of the research. However, caution was taken to ensure that the preset questions are adhered to preventing the respondents from wandering off the main topic. All respondents will be expected to provide answers to smilar questions. Data collection The methods of data collection are mainly attempts to provide answers to some elementary questions on how to properly plan, manage and acquire profits from a personal business (Mary, 2010). Additionally, info as to why the most appropriate management strategies should be embraced would be another major concern while designing the best method of data collection. Questions are bound to follow a certain order from the simplest level to stimulate thinking to the highest level which forms the climax of the interview. Questionnaires had to be sensitively effective in order to increase the feasibility of the research and at the same time consider the privacy of the respondents. As such, there were some things that had to be taken into account while structuring questions. To start with, personal and offensive questions had to be avoided. This is the case because some respondents fidget when such queries are posed to them. The respondent should not also be expected to answer lengthy questions as such questions make irrelevant demands on time, efforts and expense. Questionnaires had also to be designed to collect the aspired information and none other no matter how interesting other stories might seem. This has the implication that questions were not to be confusing-they had to be straight unto the point. It was also wise to choose respondents who have the required knowledge and skills necessary for filling the questionnaires. To encourage respondents to answer all the questions, questions that are of interest to them had to be formulated. This means that questions were to be formulated in align with the prickliest issues relating to running of the business. This convinces the respondents that in deed the research will play a part in solving a particular problem. As such, they are likely to answer the questions both precisely and honestly (Kajornboon, 2005). It was finally important to establish whether using interview and questionnaire methods were really the best channels for data collection. It was an obligation to also view other methods of data collection like observation, and survey and decide which among them would work best before concluding coming to a conclusion. In addition to the above mentioned precautions, the respondents had to be enlightened on the importance of filling the questionnaires honestly. Listening to the views of some people concerning the questionnaire was also relevant before distributing it to the respondents. Some details such as language complication, consistence and credibility of the questions as well as realism of the multiple choices provided in the questionnaires ought to be considered too. Sources As earlier mentioned, all the information provided in this document was gathered through the interview method. These are renowned business people who have been successful in running their businesses as sole proprietors. The chief reason for using this method is to ascertain that info is collected from individuals with first-hand information (Kajornboon, 2005). There were three main people interviewed for this report and all the information was entirely collected from them. The questions that were posed to them have been provided in the appendix at the tail end of this report. Plan of Presentation For the purpose of heightening consistency, this report is represented with all the information in the following format: introduction giving an overview of what the document is all about, purpose, scope, methodology explaining the methods that have been used in gathering info, sources of all the information given analyzed, plan of presentation which is this section itself, discussion of the results of the interviews, nature of work, education requirements to set up the business, likes and dislikes of primary sources, how the small business began their businesses, use of written and oral communications, use of technology and finally the career outlook. Discussion Nature of the work The work demands one to start it both energetically and passionately. Every days work should start by defining all the problems that need to be addressed and then the solutions can be pursued later during the day. This means that every morning, one should have a vivid picture of all that is expected of him or her all through the day. This makes one plan effectively and come up with strategies to achieve of the earlier set objectives of the day (Matt Kuke et al. 2001). Financial obligations of the business for each day should be considered to facilitate proper budgeting. This prevents squandering of resources and at the same time aids in keeping of proper financial records. It is also of great importance to keep listening to the comments, views and opinions of the customers as they are a good source of reliable information which can be used to improve the business (Sandino Merchant, 2009). It is the managers responsibility to take note of all the comments, complaints and opinions by the customers as they are always feedbacks about goods and services offered by the company. Anything from a client should not be ignored; rather, it should be assessed to determine whether there is any relevant area that needs some improvement. This follows the perception humans are normally blind to their own flaws and unless those flaws are spotted by other people, owners can rarely realize them. This is where the customers come in handy: spotting and reporting flaws in a business (Favaro, 2003). Running a caf highly depends on the customers and the community actually plays the greatest role in determining the success of the business. The customers keep requesting for more and more foods, something that obliges the entrepreneur to work hard and exceed their expectations (Favaro, 2003). Since this is not an easy task, he or she must be ready to learn from them. Despite this fact, it is sometimes so unfortunate that one cannot satisfy the wants of all people. This hence fails to quench ones thirst if he or she loves something, say for example serving all people to satisfaction, passionately. Education Requirements Although it is believed that anyone can be a manager, it has been confirmed that it is very hard for one to become a leader. This follows the notion that for one to become a leader, he or she must be perfect in time management and have the respect of all the other people. This refers to all the individuals that have any kind of connection with the business including the suppliers and consumers (Invester Pinch Clinic 2012). In addition, leaders should have the capacity to listen and reciprocate respect to their employees as they form the backbone of company and are the main contributors towards the businesss success (Bradford, 2012). It would thus seem unwise to take the workers for granted by mistreating them and abusing their rights. One should understand that though they are in the lower class than he or she is, they are the very people who have contributed to his or her success. They therefore need to be respected more than even close friends and motivate them to continue working. From this account, a general inference can be made that there is no much academic qualification that is required for starting a caf in Kuwait. This does not however imply that there is totally no any kind of learning that takes place while running the business. The reality is that much learning that takes place in this sector is informal as opposed to the formal education that is obligatory in many other sectors. Informal training in this realm is endless which means that once a person engages in that business, he or she will constantly be learning something day after the other. As a matter of fact, people will never have enough food; they will keep looking for new varieties of food unlike herbivores which feed on herbs all through their lives. Bearing this in mind, an entrepreneur will be obliged to be innovative and creative in order to come up with foodstuffs that can be enjoyed by his or her customers in a number of years (Bradford, 2012). Preparing good food heightens the businesss reputation and it makes people think of the best caf whenever they feel hungry. This has the implication that the only way to win the customers loyalty is to prepare something that best-fits their tastes. They should also be served in the best etiquette in order to lure them. Entrepreneurs ought to understand that iif customers do not get the best products, they are likely to look for it elsewhere (Bradford, 2012). As coming up with a new foodstuff mostly involve the trial and error method, it is necessary for the entrepreneur to indicate to the customers the newly developed foodstuffs and to invite comments from them about it. This form grounds for making decisions on whether to continue preparing the foodstuff or not depending on the profit acquired. Likes and Dislikes of the Job Likes For one to prevail in this business, he or she must value the society and hearken to its request of more and more things to come. This makes the business harder every single day but it should make one more eager to learn from them (Matt Kuke et al., 2001). This is a special and an important component in business as it enables one serve his or her customers appropriately and hence retain them. Additionally, such people are able to receive feedbacks concerning their products and services, something that help them adjust appropriately (Bradford, 2012). Dislikes The fact that one cannot be able to satisfy all his or her customers satisfactorily is one of the major dislikes a success-aspirant entrepreneur. One will often regret the fact that despite it being his or her intention to meet, and when possible exceed, the customers wants, it sometimes becomes impossible as human beings have different likes and tastes (Matt Kuke et al. 2001). Satisfaction is also a virtue that is absent in all humans since their wants are unlimited. As such, it is possible that there will still be complaints even when best services have been provided. Starting the Small Business For someone to start a business and reap something meaningful from it, there must be some source of motivation to drive the person towards his or her preset goals. It is however quite difficult, if not totally impossible, for one to succeed in doing something that has no any source of motivation. It is advisable for people to start businesses that make meaning to them and they make sense from it. It is important to note that when one loves something, he or she is able to give it his or her best, become creative and move an extra mile. From this point of view, three main components necessary for a business to succeed can be identified: determination, uniqueness and love for the customers (Bradford, 2012). Use of Technology Unlike with the other businesses, running a caf in Kuwait does not require any use of technology. The business is more craft oriented hence the business becomes less demanding in terms of technological devices and engineers to operate them (Baron Armstrong, 2005). This reduces production cost and it consequently increases the returns. Contrary to many peoples expectation, keeping of records does not depend on any form of technology; instead, it is done manually. Career outlook Generally, it can be inferred that starting a personal business in Kuwait is way cheaper as compared to other developed countries like the United States. In Kuwait, there is little emphasis on the use of technology in running cafeterias which is a contrast with the United States where the requirement is averse. Other requirements required to start a personal cafeteria are quite low including educational qualifications of both the workers and the entrepreneur him or herself. Purpose of the performance management system A company is considered successful if it is able to attain its goals at the preset time. In other words, an organization becomes effective when it accomplishes its goals through the realization of the vision and mission of the company (Asim, Erica, Koliba, 2011). Performance management helps in communicating the objectives and the goals of the organization, joining people together to work as a team, evaluate individuals performance, as well as providing credible results of the companys performance. Strategic performance management is crucial since it determines the kind of progress taking place within the company. This implies that if the performance management is bad, then the outcomes of the companys performance will be bad and vice versa. Another benefit of strategic performance is the fact that it helps in creating a capable workforce (Baron Armstrong, 2005). This means that both the company leaders and employees are able to work together and share ideas which they think could be important in developing the company. There are healthy relationships created among the employees and this ascertains that their time is perfectly utilized avoiding any instances of unhealthy relationships such as sexual relationships, something that would contribute to nepotism within the business. All areas that could be hindrances to the well-being of the company are identified and any the appropriate measures are to prevent inconveniences within the organization. Strategic performance management also helps in improving employees motivation. Motivation can simply be defined as the instinct to perform the assigned tasks within the company (Ohemeng Frank, 2011). When workers are self-motivated, efficiency within the company is improved because they perform on themselves under less supervision. Additionally, the kind of work that they give produce is of higher quality ensuring that the companys products are of a recommendable quality too. Commitment consequently leads to the other benefit of strategic performance management. It builds a credible employees commitment to the company. Where performance management is well used, an adequate process of identifying and eliminating all the performance barriers are devised (Guthrie Messersmith, 2010). Managers are able to discern all the sectors that are performing poorly and subsequently assess what could be the root cause of the poor performance. Some examples of performance barriers could be inadequa te tools and equipments, improper supervision within a particular sector, poor culture and hazy representation of the vision of the company. When these are evident, appropriate measures are taken to ensure that the company does not recede and any instances of collapsing are reduced. Finally, strategic performance management helps in creating a performance culture, also known as the organizational culture (Mia, Sands, Iselin, 2011). Organizational culture refers to the kind of environment created by the constant interactions between the employees and their workplace. An organizational culture is important because it ensures there are healthy relationships within the organization, both the leaders and the employees are able to conceptualize the goals of the company, minimizes go-slows, encourage team work and the company is able to make more returns. When all these are collectively achieved, the company skyrockets above its opponents and thrives in its environment (Lffler Bovaird, 2009). Difference between Managing a Business in Kuwait and in the US The use of technology is important in record keeping and for tax reasons. Considering that businesses in Kuwait lay less emphasis on integration of technology in record keeping, it is likely that tax collection is not as effective as it is with the other nations such as the United States. It is also important to note that a business is not based on public speaking but rather on good interpersonal communications and social networking (Mia, Sands, Iselin, 2011). This means that there should be a perfect network between the suppliers, customers and the business itself to enhance proper working environment and therefore stimulate growth of the business. Conclusion Bearing in mind the cost of starting a business in the United States and comparing it with Kuwait, it can be inferred that setting up a business in Kuwait is cheaper as compared to the US. The management of the business is also different in the two countries as Kuwait has fewer restrictions on keeping of records. This shows that competition in Kuwait is not as tight as it is in the United States. As already observed earlier, proper management is crucial for the running of the business. It enables a business achieve its goals and keeps the investment focused hence avoiding risks. To become a business manager, it all takes passion, humility and self devotion to ones business. Buy custom As Managing Small Business essay

Requirements to be a US Senator

Requirements to be a US Senator Requirements to be a U.S. Senator are established in Article I, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution.  The Senate is the United States higher legislative chamber (the House of Representatives being the lower chamber), containing 100 members. If you have dreams of becoming one of the two senators who represent each state for six-year terms, you might want to check the Constitution first. The guiding document for our government specifically spells out the requirements to be a senator. Individuals must be: At least 30 years oldA U.S. citizen for at least nine years at the time of election to the SenateA resident of the state one is elected to represent in the Senate Similar to those for being a U.S. Representative, the Constitutional requirements for being a Senator focus on age, U.S. citizenship, and residency. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. These are the only requirements for the office that are specified in Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, which reads, No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. Unlike U.S. Representatives, who represent the people of specific geographic districts within their states, U.S. Senators represent all of the people in their states. Senate vs. House Requirements Why are these requirements for serving in the Senate more restrictive than those for serving the House of Representatives? In the 1787 Constitutional Convention, delegates looked to British law in setting age, citizenship, and residency or â€Å"inhabitancy† qualifications for senators and representatives, but voted not to adopt proposed religion and property ownership requirements. Age The delegates debated the minimum age for senators after they had set the age for representatives at 25. Without debate, the delegates voted to set the minimum age for senators at 30. James Madison justified the higher age in Federalist No. 62, stating the due to the more impactful nature of the â€Å"senatorial trust,† a â€Å"greater extent of information and stability of character,† was needed for senators than for representatives. Interestingly, English law at the time set the minimum age for members of the House of Commons, the lower chamber of Parliament, at 21, and at 25 for members of the upper house, the House of Lords. Citizenship English law in 1787 strictly prohibited any person not born in â€Å"the kingdoms of England, Scotland, or Ireland† from serving in either chamber of Parliament. While some delegates might have favored such a blanket ban for the U.S. Congress, none of them proposed it. An early proposal by Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania included a 14-year U.S. citizenship requirement for senators. However, the delegation voted against Morris’ proposal, voting instead for the current 9-year period, two years longer than the 7-year minimum they had earlier adopted for the House of Representatives. Notes from the convention indicate that the delegates considered the 9-year requirement to be a compromise â€Å"between a total exclusion of adopted citizens† and an â€Å"indiscriminate and hasty admission of them.† Residency Recognizing the fact that many American citizens may have lived abroad for some time, the delegates felt a minimum U.S. residency, or â€Å"inhabitancy† requirement should apply to the members of Congress. While England’ Parliament had repealed such residency rules in 1774, none of the delegates spoke for such rules for Congress. As a result, the delegates voted to require that members of the both the House and Senate be inhabitants of the states from which they were elected but placed no minimum time periods limits on the requirement. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper. Updated by Robert Longley

The Challenges Facing the Deployment and Use of IT for the Development Literature review

The Challenges Facing the Deployment and Use of IT for the Development of Public Sector in Saudi Arabia - Literature review Example The rapid economic growth being experienced in the country has largely been as a result of the oil that is exported to other parts of the world. As a growing economy, the country needs to not only develop its infrastructure, but also improve its service delivery to the people (Benington, 2000). Information technology is an aspect of development that is sweeping across many developing countries today, and Saudi Arabia has definitely not been left behind. The implementation of IT plans has greatly helped the country improve the way its citizens get access to public services (Al-zharani, 2009). Using IT Resources The Saudi Communications Commission is the one regulates the deployments and use of IT resources in the country. Among the commission’s responsibilities include: ensuring that the communications services provided are well advanced, regulating the telecommunications sector, creating an environment for fair competition among different players in the telecommunications fiel d and securing the rights of the public to have access to information networks at prices they can afford. In short, this commission is responsible for how the country makes use of its existing structures to deploy and implement IT for the greater good and development of the Saudi public sector (Khan, 2011). Although the country has made some tremendous achievement in creating an information society, there remains a lot to be done so as to ensure that the IT infrastructures are as efficient as possible so as to serve as many people as possible. This means that the government has to consider some of the challenges that hinder the deployment and use of IT for the development of the Saudi public sector including government agencies and come up with ways to ensure that all people enjoy the full benefits of a networked society (Khosrowpour, 2000). Knowledge Workers and the Knowledge Society Knowledge workers include the valued individuals who earn a living by developing and applying knowl edge in specific areas of study. On the other hand, the knowledge society is a society that values knowledge as the primary resource used in production as opposed to labour and capital. Knowledge workers exist in a wide range of fields in Saudi Arabia. With their vast knowledge in their specific areas of interest, the knowledge workers are able to define problems and come up with solutions that affect society, strategies and help in decision making. The making of knowledge workers normally is influenced by the establishment of information technology of the places in which they are based. In Saudi Arabia, the making of more knowledge workers has been influenced by the establishment of e-learning and the availability of ICT resources. The deployment and use of IT for the development of the public sector requires the development of more knowledge workers so as to ensure that they are well equipped to deal with the IT tools at their disposal. Though the government through its e-governme nt efforts is trying to ensure that most areas in the public sector are well equipped with IT technology, there are a number of challenges it experiences (Benington, 2000). One of the challenges that the country faces in terms of knowledge worker development in the area of IT proficiency is the lack of technical skills. Very few of the employees working in the public sector have the proper knowledge to carry out some of the duties that would involve

Genetic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Genetic Engineering - Essay Example Procedures principles and the process often genetic engineering and cloning affecting ethics are examined.1. P 1 – Strands of Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA) can be cut using special enzymes2. P 2 – The strands can be cut and, therefore, remove some genetic combinations3. P 3 – DNA contains information about genes of the given organisms4. ACTION 1 (P1 P2 P3) – Since strands of DNA can be cut it is possible to duplicate genes, and this contributes much to the genetic engineering process useful for medical reasons. It has caused much arguments and debate since there is the development of the human and animal cloning practices. 5. P 4 – There are drugs and medicines in the world that contain similar elements that may be found in cow’s milk or goats’ milk when cloning is used.6. P 5 – Current processes revolve around the production of vaccines against some of the worst diseases like Malaria, antibodies of HIV and proteins to treat hemoph ilia among others by use of cloning processes.7. P 6 – Current research is also targeting the development of proteins ha will help digestion of fats and proteins for infants by use of cloning tests.8. ACTION 2 (P4 P5 P6) – Cloning can be used for beneficial purposes and tests, stopping the cloning process will hinder the tests.9. P 7 – safety of genetic engineering processes have been questioned, and even legislation has been set up.

Symbols, Symbolism, Images, and Imagery in Macbeth Essay -- Free Macbet

Imagery and Symbols in Macbeth Shakespeare uses many forms of imagery in his plays. Imagery, the art of making images, the products of imagination. In the play Macbeth Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. Each detail in his imagery contains an important symbol of the play. These symbols need to be understood in order to interpret the entire play. Within the play `Macbeth' the imagery of clothing portrays that Macbeth is seeking to hide his "disgraceful self" from his eyes and others. . Shakespeare wants to keep alive the contrast between the pitiful creature that Macbeth really is and the disguises he assumes to conceal the fact. Macbeth is constantly represented symbolically as the wearer of robes not belonging to him. He is wearing an undeserved dignity, which is a point well made by the uses of clothing imagery. The description of the purpose of clothing in Macbeth is the fact that these garments are not his. Therefore, Macbeth is uncomfortable in them because he is continually conscious of the fact that they do not belong to him. In the following passage, the idea constantly reappears, Macbeth's new honors sit ill upon him, like loose and badly fitting garments, belonging to someone else: New honors come upon him Like strange garments,  ... ...nto thinking that there is no turning back and he must continue to murder and deceit. Imagery plays a crucial role in developing of the plot. This is seen through the images of clothing, darkness and blood. Clothing in Macbeth is often compared to positions or ranks. Macbeth's ambition caused him to strive to improve his social standing. Darkness establishes the evil parts of the play. Blood the most dominant image in the play brings a sense of guilt and violence to the tragedy. It leads Macbeth to continue his deceitful life. Shakespeare makes his use of imagery well known. Without imagery Macbeth may have lacked because imagery gives an effect on the play as a whole.

A Missionary Who Transformed a Nation Essay

When Englishman William Carey (1761–1834) arrived in India in 1793, it marked a major milestone in the history of Christian missions and in the history of India. Carey established the Serampore Mission—the first modern Protestant mission in the non-English-speaking world—near Calcutta on January 10, 1800.1 From this base, he labored for nearly a quarter century to spread the gospel throughout the land. In the end his triumph was spectacular. Through his unfailing love for the people of India and his relentless campaign against â€Å"the spiritual forces of evil† (Eph. 6:12), India was literally transformed. Asian historian Hugh Tinker summarizes Carey’s impact on India this way: â€Å"And so in Serampore, on the banks of the river Hooghly, the principal elements of modern South Asia—the press, the university, social consciousness—all came to light.† 2 Who was William Carey? He was exactly the kind of man that the Lord seems to delight in using to accomplish great things; in other words, the kind of person that most of us would least expect. He was raised in a small, rural English town where he received almost no formal education. His chief source of income came through his work as a cobbler (a shoemaker). He had an awkward, homely appearance, having lost almost all his hair in childhood. Upon his arrival in India and throughout his years there, he was harassed by British colonists, deserted by his mission-sending agency, and opposed by younger missionary recruits who were sent to help him. Despite these setbacks, he became perhaps the most influential person in the largest outpost of the British Empire.3 Carey didn’t go to India merely to start new churches or set up medical clinics for the poor. He was driven by a more comprehensive vision—a vision for discipling the nation. â€Å"Carey saw India not as a foreign country to be exploited, but as his heavenly Father’s land to be loved and served, a society where truth, not ignorance, needed to rule.†4 He looked outward across the land and asked himself, â€Å"If Jesus were the Lord of India, what would it look like? What would be different?† This question set his agenda and led to his involvement in a remarkable variety of activities aimed at glorifying God and advancing His kingdom. Following are highlights of Carey’s work described in Vishal and Ruth Mangalwadi’s outstanding book The Legacy of William Carey: A Model for the Transformation of a Culture.5 Carey was horrified that India, one of the most fertile countries in the world, had been allowed to become an uncultivated jungle abandoned to wild beasts and serpents. Therefore he carried out a systematic survey of agriculture and campaigned for agriculture reform. He introduced the Linnaean system of plant organizations and published the first science texts in India. He did this because he believed that nature is declared â€Å"good† by its Creator; it is not Maya (illusion) to be shunned, as Hindus believe, but a subject worthy of human study. Carey introduced the idea of savings banks to India to fight the all-pervasive social evil of usury (the lending of money at excessive interest). He believed that God, being righteous, hated this practice which made investment, industry, commerce, and economic development impossible. He was the first to campaign for humane treatment of India’s leprosy victims because he believed that Jesus’ love extends to leprosy patie nts, so they should be cared for. Before then, lepers were often buried or burned alive because of the belief that a violent death purified the body on its way to reincarnation into a new healthy existence. He established the first newspaper ever printed in any Oriental language, because he believed that â€Å"above all forms of truth and faith, Christianity seeks free discussion.† His English-language journal, Friend of India, was the force that gave birth to the social-reform movement in India in the first half of the nineteenth century. He translated the Bible into over 40 different Indian languages. He transformed the Bengali language, previously considered â€Å"fit for only demons and women,† into the foremost literary language of India. He wrote gospel ballads in Bengali to bring the Hindu love of music to the service of his Lord. He began dozens of schools for Indian children of all castes and launched the first college in Asia. He desired to develop the Indian mind and liberate it from darkness and superstition. He was the first man to stand against the ruthless murders and widespread oppression of women. Women in India were being crushed through polygamy, female infanticide, child marriage, widow burning, euthanasia, and forced illiteracy—all sanctioned by religion. Carey opened schools for girls. When widows converted to Christianity, he arranged marriages for them. It was his persistent, 25-year battle against widow burning (known as sati) that finally led to the formal banning of this horrible religious practice. William Carey was a pioneer of the modern Christian missionary movement, a movement that has since reached every corner of the world. Although a man of simple origins, he used his God-given genius and every available means to serve his Creator and illumine the dark corners of India with the light of the truth. William Carey’s ministry in India can be described as wholistic. For something to be wholistic, it must have multiple parts that contribute to a greater whole. What is the â€Å"whole† to which all Christian ministry activities contribute? Through an examination of Christ’s earthly ministry, we see that the â€Å"whole† is glorifying God and advancing His kingdom through the discipling of the nations (Matt. 24:14; 28:18–20). This is God’s â€Å"big agenda†Ã¢â‚¬â€the principal task that he works through His church to accomplish. If this is the whole, then what are the parts? Matthew 4:23, highlights three parts: preaching, teaching, and healing. Because each part is essential to the whole, let’s look at each one more carefully. Preaching includes proclaiming the gospel—God’s gracious invitation for people everywhere to live in His Kingdom, have their sins forgiven, be spiritually reborn, and become children of God through faith in Christ. Proclaiming the gospel is essential to wholistic ministry, for unless lost and broken people are spiritually reborn into a living relationship with God—unless they become â€Å"a new creation† (2 Cor. 5:17)—all efforts to bring hope, healing, and transformation are doomed to fail. People everywhere need their relationship with God restored, yet preaching is only one part of wholistic ministry. Teaching entails instructing people in the foundational truths of Scripture. It is associated with discipleship—helping people to live in obedience to God and His Word in every area of life. In Matthew 28:20 Jesus tells His disciples to â€Å"teach [the nations] to obey everything I have commanded you.† Unless believers are taught to obey Christ’s commands, their growth may be hindered. Colossians 3:16 says, â€Å"Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom.† Healing involves the tangible demonstrations of the present reality of the Kingdom in the midst of our hurting and broken world. When Jesus came, He demonstrated the present reality of God’s Kingdom by healing people. â€Å"The blind receive sight, the lame walk, those who have leprosy are cured, the deaf hear, the dead are rais ed, and the good news is preached to the poor,† was Jesus’ report to His cousin John the Baptist in Matthew 11:4–5. Jesus didn’t just preach the good news; He demonstrated it by healing all forms of brokenness. Unless ministry to people’s physical needs accompanies evangelism and discipleship, our message will be empty, weak, and irrelevant. This is particularly true where physical poverty is rampant. The apostle John admonishes, â€Å"If anyone has material possessions and sees his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in him? Dear children, let us not love with words or tongue but with actions and in truth† (1 John 3:17–18). Here’s a picture of the basic elements of a biblically balanced, wholistic ministry: First, there are multiple parts—preaching, teaching and healing. These parts have distinct functions, yet they are inseparable. All are essential in contributing to the whole, which is glorifying God and advancing His Kingdom. Lastly, each part rests on the solid foundation of the biblical worldview. In other words, each is understood and implemented through the basic presuppositions of Scripture. In summary, preaching, teaching and healing are three indispensable parts of wholistic ministry, whose purpose is to advance God’s kingdom â€Å"on earth as it is in heaven† (Matt. 6:10). Without these parts working together seamlessly, our ministry is less than what Christ intends, and will lack power to transform lives and nations. To comprehend the nature and purpose of wholistic ministry, two concepts must be understood. First is the comprehensive impact of humanity’s spiritual rebellion. Second is that our loving, compassionate God is presently unfolding His plan to redeem and restore all things broken through the Fall. When Adam and Eve turned their backs on God in the Garden of Eden (Gen. 3:1–6), the consequences of their sin were devastating and far-reaching; they affected the very order of the universe. At least four relationships were broken through the Fall. First, Adam and Eve’s intimate relationship with God was broken (Gen. 3:8–9). This was the primary relationship for which they had been created, the most important aspect of their lives. When their relationship with God was broken, their other relationships were damaged too: their relationship with themselves as individuals (Gen. 3:7, 10), with each other as fellow human beings (Gen. 3:7, 12, 16), and with the rest of creation (Gen. 3:17–19). The universe is intricately designed and interwoven. It is wholistic, composed of multiple parts, each of which depends on the proper functioning of the others. All parts are governed by laws established by God. When the primary relationship between God and humanity was severed, every part of the original harmony of God’s creation was affected. The results of this comprehensive brokenness have plagued humanity ever since. War, hatred, violence, environmental degradation, injustice, corruption, idolatry, poverty and fa mine all spring from sin. Thus, when God set out to restore His creation from the all-encompassing effects of man’s rebellion, His redemptive plan could not be small or narrow, focusing on a single area of brokenness. His plan is not limited to saving human souls or teaching or even healing. Rather, it combines all three with the goal of restoring everything, including each of the four broken relationships described above. Colossians 1:19–20 provides a picture of God’s wholistic redemptive plan: For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in [Christ], and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross. (Emphasis added) God is redeeming all things. Through Christ’s blood our sins are forgiven and our fellowship with God is renewed. And not only that—we also can experience substantial healing within ourselves, with others, and with the environment. The gospel is not only good news for after we die; it is good news here and now! The task of the church is to join God in His big agenda of restoring all things. We are â€Å"Christ’s ambassadors,† called to t he â€Å"ministry of reconciliation† (see 2 Cor. 5:18–20). In the words of Christian apologist Francis Schaeffer, we should be working â€Å"on the basis of the finished work of Christ . . . [for] substantial healing now in every area where there are divisions because of the Fall.†6 To do this, we must first believe that such healing can be a reality here and now, in every area, on the basis of the finished work of Christ. This healing will not be perfect or complete on this side of Christ’s return, yet it can be real, evident, and substantial. Preaching, teaching, and substantial healing in every area where brokenness exists as a result of the Fall—in essence, wholistic ministry—is the vision that Christ had and modeled for us on earth. It was the vision that set the agenda for William Carey in India. It is the vision that should set the agenda for our ministry as well. When Jesus sent out His disciples on their first missionary journey, â€Å"He sent them out to preach the kingdom of God and to heal the sickâ⠂¬  (Luke 9:2). Yet today it’s common for Christian ministries to separate the twin ministry components. Some focus exclusively on preaching, evangelism, or church planting, while others focus on meeting the physical needs of the broken or impoverished. Typically these two groups have little interaction. This division is not what Christ intended. By focusing on one to the exclusion of the other, ministries are limited and ineffective in bringing about true, lasting transformation. The Bible provides a model of ministry where preaching, teaching, and healing are, in the words of Dr. Tetsunao Yamamori, â€Å"functionally separate, yet relationally inseparable.†7 Each part is distinct and deserves special attention and focus. Yet the parts must function together. Together they form a wholistic ministry that is both powerful and effective—a ministry able to transform lives and entire nations. The work of William Carey in India gives historical testimony to this fact. According to theologian David Wells, preaching, teaching, and healing must be â€Å"inextricably related to each other, the former being the foundation and the latter being the evidence of the working of the former.† There is a story told about the subject of the following sketch which may be repeated here by way of introduction. It is said that long after he had attained to fame and eminence in India, being Professor of oriental languages in the college of Fort William, honoured with letters and medals from royal hands, and able to write F.L.S., F.G S., F.A.S., and other symbols of distinction after his name, he was dining one day with a select company at the Governor-General’s, when one of the guests, with more than questionable taste, asked an aide-de-camp present, in a whisper loud enough to be heard by the professor, whether Dr. Carey had not once been a shoemaker. â€Å"No, sir,† immediately answered the doctor, â€Å"only a cobbler!† Whether he was proud of it, we cannot say; that he had no need to be ashamed of it, we are sure. He had out-lived the day when Edinburgh reviewers tried to heap contempt on â€Å"consecrated cobblers,† and he had established his right to be enrolled amongst the aristocracy of learning and philanthropy. Some fifty years before this incident took place, a visitor might have seen over a small shop in a Northamptonshire village a sign-board with the following inscription: Second-hand Shoes Bought and Sold.WILLIAM CAREY.| The owner of this humble shop was the son of a poor schoolmaster, who inherited a taste for learning; and though he was consigned to the drudgery of mending boots and shoes, and was even then a sickly, care-worn man, in poverty and distress, with a delicate and unsympathizing wife, he lost no opportunity of acquiring information both in languages and natural history and taught himself drawing and painting. He always worked with lexicons and classics open upon his bench; so that Scott, the commentator, to whom it is said that he owed his earliest religious impressions, used to call that shop â€Å"Mr. Carey’s college.† His tastes — we ought rather to say God’s providence — soon led him to open a village school; and as he belonged to the Baptist community, he combined with the office of schoolmaster that of a preacher in their little chapel at Moulton, with the scanty salary of  £16 a year. Strange to say, it was whilst giving his daily lessons in g eography that the flame of missionary zeal was kindled in his bosom. As he looked upon the vast regions depicted on the map of the world, he began to ponder on the spiritual darkness that brooded over so many of them, and this led him to collect and collate information on the subject, until his whole mind was occupied with the absorbing theme. It so happened that a gathering of Baptist ministers at Northampton invited a subject for discussion, and Carey, who was present, at once proposed â€Å"The duty of Christians to attempt the spread of the Gospel amongst heathen nations.† The proposal fell amongst them like a bombshell, and the young man was almost shouted down by those who thought such a scheme impracticable and wild. Even Andrew Fuller, who eventually became his great supporter, confessed that he found himself ready to exclaim, â€Å"If the Lord would make windows in heaven, might this thing be?† But Carey’s zeal was not to be quenched. He brought forward the topic again and again; he wrote a pamphlet on the subject; and on his removal to a more important post of duty at Leicester, he won over several influential persons to his views. It was at this time (1792) he preached his famous sermon from Isaiah 54:2,3, and summed up its teaching in these two important statements: (1) â€Å"Expect great things from God,† and (2) â€Å"Attempt great things for God.† This led to the formation of the Baptist Missionary Society; and Carey, at the age of thirty-three, proved his sincerity by volunteering to be its first messenger to the heathen. Andrew Fuller had said, â€Å"There is a gold mine in India; but it seems as deep as the centre of the earth; who will venture to explore it?† â€Å"I will go down,† responded William Carey, in words never to be forgotten, â€Å"but remember that you must hold the rope.† The funds of the Society amounted at the time to  £13 2s 6d. But the chief difficulties did not arise out of questions of finance. The East India Company, sharing the jealousy against missionary effort, which, alas! at that time was to be found amongst the chief statesmen of the realm , and amongst prelates of the Established Church as well as amongst Nonconformist ministers, were opposed to all such efforts, and no one could set his foot upon the Company’s territory without a special license. The missionary party and their baggage were on board the Earl of Oxford and the ship was just ready to sail, when an information was laid against the captain for taking a person on board without an order from the Company, and forthwith the passengers and their goods were hastily put on shore, and the vessel weighed anchor for Calcutta, leaving them behind, disappointed and disheartened. They returned to London. Mr. Thomas, who was Carey’s companion and brother missionary, went to a coffee-house, when, to use his own language, â€Å"to the great joy of a bruised heart, the waiter put a card into my hand, whereon were written these life-giving words: ‘A Danish East Indiaman, No. 10, Cannon Street.’ No more tears that night. Our courage revived; we fled to No. 10, Cannon Street, and found it was the office of Smith and Co., agents, and that Mr. Smith was a brother of the captain’s; that this ship had sailed, as he supposed, from Copenhagen; was hourly expecte d in Dover roads; would make no stay there; and the terms were  £100 for each passenger,  £50 for a child, and  £25 for an attendant.† This of course brought up the financial difficulty in a new and aggravated form; but the generosity of the agent and owner of the ship soon overcame it, and within twenty-four hours of their return to London, Mr. Carey and his party embarked for Dover; and on the 13th June, 1793, they found themselves on board the Kron Princessa Maria, where they were treated with the utmost kindness by the captain, who admitted them to his own table, and provided them with special cabins. The delay, singularly enough, removed one of Carey’s chief difficulties and regrets. His wife who was physically feeble, and whose deficiency in respect to moral intrepidity was afterwards painfully accounted for by twelve years of insanity in India, had positively refused to accompany him, and he had consequently made up his mind to go out alone. She was not with him when he and his party were suddenly expelled from the English ship; but she was so wrought upon by all that had occurred, as well as by renewed entreaties, that with her sister and her five children she set sail with him for Calcutta. Difficulties of various kinds surrounded them upon their arrival in India. Poverty, fevers, bereavement, the sad illness of his wife, the jealousy of the Government, all combined to render it necessary that for a while Carey should betake himself to an employment in the Sunderbunds, where he had often to use his gun to supply the wants of his family; and eventually he went to an indigo factory at Mudnabully, where he hoped to earn a livelihood. But he kept the grand project of his life distinctly in view; he set himself to the acquisition of the language, he erected schools, he made missionary tours, he began to translate the New Testament, and above all he worked at his printing press, which was set up in one corner of the factory and was looked upon by the natives as his god. Carey’s feelings at this time with regard to his work will be best expressed in the following passage from a letter to his sisters: â€Å"I know not what to say about the mission. I feel as a farmer does about his crop; sometimes I think the seed is springing, and then I hope; a little time blasts all, and my hopes are gone like a cloud. †¦ I preach every day to the natives, and twice on the Lord’s Day constantly, besides other itinerant labours; and I try to speak of Jesus Christ and Him crucified and of Him alone; but my soul is often dejected to see no fruit.† And then he goes on to speak of that department of his labour in which his greatest achievements were ultimately to be won: â€Å"The work of translation is going on, and I hope the whole New Testament and the five books of Moses may be completed before this reaches you. It is a pleasant work and a rich reward, and I trust, whenever it is published, it will soon prevail, and put down all the Shastras of the Hindus. †¦The translation of the Scriptures I look upon to be one of the greatest desiderata in the world, and it has accordingly occupied a considerable part of my time and attention.† Five or six years of patient unrequited toil passed by, and then four additional labourers were sent out by the Society to Carey’s help. Two of them will never be forgotten, and the names of Carey, Marshman, and Ward will ever be inseparably linked in the history of Indian missions. Ward had been a printer; and it was a saying of Carey’s, addressed to him in England, that led him to adopt a missionary’s life: â€Å"We shall want you,† said he, â€Å"in a few years, to print the Bible; you must come after us.† Marshman had been an assistant in a London book-shop, but soon found that his business there was not to his taste, as he wished to know more about the contents of books than about their covers; so he set up a school at Bristol, mastered Greek and Latin, Hebrew and Syriac, and became prosperous in the world; but he gave up all to join Carey in his noble enterprise, and moreover, brought out with him, as a helper in the mission, a young man whom he himself had been the means of converting from infidelity. Marshman’s wife was a cultivated woman, and her boarding school in India brought in a good revenue to the mission treasury. His daughter married Henry Havelock, who made for himself as great a name in the military annals of his country as his illustrious father-in-law had won for himself in the missionary history of the world. The jealous and unchristian policy of the East India Company would not allow the newly arrived missionaries to join their brethren, and they were compelled to seek shelter under a foreign flag. Fortunately for the cause of missions, a settlement had been secured by the Danes at Serampore, some sixteen miles up the river from Calcutta, and it now proved â€Å"a city of refuge† to Englishmen who had been driven from territory which owned the British sway. The governor of the colony, Colonel Bie, was a grand specimen of his race; he had been in early days a pupil of Schwartz, and he rejoiced in knowing that the kings of Denmark had been the first Protestant princes that ever encouraged missions amongst the heathen. He gave the exiled missionaries a generous welcome and again and again gallantly resisted all attempts to deprive them of his protection, declaring that â€Å"if the British Government still refused to sanction their continuance in India, they should have the shield of Denmark thrown over them if they would remain at Serampore.† Carey determined, though it was accompanied with personal loss to himself, to join his brethren at Serampore, and the mission soon was organized in that place, which became, so to speak, â€Å"the cradle of Indian missions.† It possessed many advantages: it was only sixty miles from Nuddea, and was within a hundred of the Mahratta country; here the missionaries could preach the Gospel and work their printing press without fear, and from this place they could pass under Danish passports to any part of India. There was a special providence in their coming to Serampore at the time they did; for in 1801 it passed over to English rule without the firing of a shot. They were soon at work, both in their schools and on their preaching tours. Living on homely fare and working for their bread, they went forth betimes in pairs to preach the word of the living God, now in the streets or in the bazaars, now in the midst of heathen temples, attracting crowds to hear them by the sweet hymns which Carey had composed in the native tongue, and inviting inquirers to the mission-house for further instruction. The first convert was baptized in the same year on the day after Christmas. His name was Krishnu. He had been brought to the mission-house for medical relief, and was so influenced by what he saw and heard, that he resolved to become a Christian. On breaking caste by eating with the missionaries, he was seized by an enraged mob and dragged before the magistrate, but to their dismay he was released from their hands. Carey had the pleasure of performing the ceremony of baptism with his own hands, in presence of the governor and a crowd of natives and Europeans. It was his first recompense after seven years of toil, and it soon led the way to other conversions. Amongst the rest, a high-caste Brahmin divested himself of his sacred thread, joined the Christian ranks, and preached the faith which he once destroyed. Krishnu became an efficient helper and built at his own expense the first place of worship for native Christians in Bengal. Writing about him twelve years after his baptism, Car ey says, â€Å"He is now a steady, zealous, well-informed, and I may add eloquent minister of the Gospel, and preaches on an average twelve or fourteen times every week in Calcutta and its neighborhood.† But we must turn from the other laborers and the general work of the mission to dwell upon the special work for which Carey’s tastes and qualifications so admirably fitted him. We have seen that his heart was set on the translation and printing of the Scriptures and to this from the outset he sedulously devoted himself. On the 17th March, 1800 the first sheet of the Bengali New Testament was ready for the press, and in the next year Carey was able to say, â€Å"I have lived to see the Bible translated into Bengali, and the whole New Testament printed.† But this was far from being the end of Carey’s enterprise. In 1806, the Serampore missionaries contemplated and issued proposals for rendering the Holy Scriptures into fifteen oriental languages, viz., Sanskrit, Bengali, Hindustani, Persian, Mahratta, Guzarathi, Oriya, Kurnata, Telinga, Burman, Assam, Boutan, Thibetan, Malay, and Chinese. Professor Wilson, the Boden Professor of Sanscrit at Oxford, has told us how this proposal was more than accomplished: â€Å"They published,† he says, â€Å"in the course of about five-and-twenty years, translations of portions of the Old and New Testament, more or less considerable, in forty different dialects.† It is not pretended that they were conversant with all these forms of speech, but they employed competent natives, and as they themselves were masters of Sanscrit and several vernacular dialects, they were able to guide and superintend them. In all this work Dr. Carey (for the degree of Doctor of Divinity had been bestowed on him by a learned university) took a leading part. Possessed of at least six different dialects, a thorough master of the Sanscrit, which is the parent of the whole family, and gifted besides with a rare genius for philological investigation, â€Å"he carried the project,† says the professor, â€Å"to as successful an issue as could have been expected from the bounded faculties of man.† And when it is remembered that he began his work at a time when there were no helps or appliances for his studies; when grammars and dictionaries of these dialects were unknown, and had to be constructed by himself; when even manuscripts of them were scarce, and prin ting was utterly unknown to the natives of Bengal, the work which he not only set before him, but accomplished, must be admitted to have been Herculean. Frequently did he weary out three pundits in the day, and to the last hour of his life he never intermitted his labours. The following apology for not engaging more extensively in correspondence will be read with interest, and allowed to be a sufficient one:— â€Å"I translate from Bengali and from Sanscrit into English. Every proof-sheet of the Bengali and Mahratta Scriptures must go three times at least through my hands. A dictionary of the Sanscrit goes once at least through my hands. I have written and printed a second edition of the Bengali grammar and collected materials for a Mahratta dictionary. Besides this, I preach twice a week, frequently thrice, and attend upon my collegiate duties. I do not mention this because I think my work a burden — it is a real pleasure — but to show that my not writing many letters is not because I neglect my brethren, or wish them to cease writing to me.† Carey was by no means a man of brilliant genius, still less was he a man of warm enthusiasm; he had nothing of the sentimental, or speculative, or imaginative in his disposition; but h e was a man of untiring energy and indomitable perseverance. Difficulties seemed only to develop the one and to increase the other. These difficulties arose from various quarters, sometimes from the opposition of the heathen, sometimes from the antagonism of the British Government, sometimes, and more painfully, from the misapprehensions or injudiciousness of the Society at home; but he never was dismayed. On the contrary, he gathered arguments for progress from the opposition that was made to it. â€Å"There is,† he writes â€Å"a very considerable difference in the appearance of the mission, which to me is encouraging. The Brahmins are now most inveterate in their opposition; they oppose the Gospel with the utmost virulence, and the very name of Jesus Christ seems abominable in their ears.† And all this is the more remarkable, when we remember that he was by nature indolent. He says of himself, ‘No man ever living felt inertia to so great a degree as I do.† He was in all respects a man of principle and not of impulse. Kind and gentle, he was yet firm and unwavering. Disliking compliments and commendations for himself, it was not his habit to bestow them upon others. Indeed, he tells us that the only attempt which he ever made to pay a compliment met with such discouragement, that he never had any inclination to renew the attempt. A nephew of the celebrated President Edwards called upon him with a letter of introduction, and Carey congratulated him on his relationship to so great a personage; but the young man dryly replied, â€Å"True, sir, but every tub must stand on its own bottom.† From his childhood he had been in earnest in respect to anything he undertook. He once tried to climb a tree and reach a nest, but failed, and soon came to the ground; yet, though he had to limp home bruised and wounded, the first thing he did when able again to leave the house was to climb that same tree and take that identical nest. This habit of perseverance followed him through life. One evening, just before the missionaries retired to rest, the printing office was discovered to be on fire, and in a short time it was totally destroyed. Buildings, types, paper, proofs, and, worse than all, the Sanscrit and other translations perished in the flames. Ten thousand pounds’ worth of property was destroyed that night, no portion of which was covered by insurance; but under the master mind of Carey the disaster was soon retrieved. A portion of the metal was recovered from the wreck, and as the punches and matrices had been saved, the types were speedily recast. Within two months the printers were again at their work; within two more the sum required to repair the premises had been collected; and within seven the Scriptures had been re-translated into the Sanscrit language. Carey preached on the next Lord’s-day after the conflagration, from the text, â€Å"Be still, and know that I am God,† and set before his hearers two thoughts: (1) God has a sovereign right to dispose of us as He pleases; (2) we ought to acquiesce in all that God does with us and to us. Writing to a friend at this time, he calmly rem arks that â€Å"traveling a road the second time, however painful it may be, is usually done with greater ease and certainty than when we travel it for the first time.† To such a man success was already assured, and by such a man success was well deserved. And it came. When the Government looked round for a suitable man to fill the chair of oriental languages in their college at Fort William, their choice fell, almost as a necessity, upon the greatest scholar in India, and so the persecuted missionary became the honoured Professor of Sanscrit, Bengali, and Mahratta, at one thousand rupees a month. He stipulated, however, that he would accept the office only on the condition that his position as a missionary should be recognized; and he took a noble revenge upon those who had so long opposed his work, by devoting the whole of his newly-acquired salary to its further extension. His new position served to call attention to missionary work; and by degrees a better feeling sprang up towards it both at home and abroad. Carey and his companions were at length able to preach in the bazaars of Calcutta. Fresh labourers had come to India. Corrie, Browne, Mart yn, and Buchanan were stirring the depths of Christian sympathy by their work and by their appeals. Grant, Wilberforce, and Macaulay were rousing the British nation to some faint sense of duty; so that when the charter of the East India Company came to be renewed in 1813, the restrictive regulations were defeated in the House of Commons by a majority of more than two to one. In the very next year the foundations of the Indian Episcopate were laid; and in the following year Dr. Middleton, the first Metropolitan of India (having Ceylon for one archdeaconry, and Australia for another) was visiting the Serampore missionaries, in company with the Governor-General, and expressing his admiration and astonishment at their work. Distinctions crowded fast upon the Northamptonshire cobbler. Learned societies thought themselves honoured by admitting him to membership. He had proved himself a useful citizen as well as a devoted missionary. He had established a botanic garden, and edited â€Å"The Flora Indica;† he had founded an agricultural society, and was elected its president; he suggested a plantation committee for India and was its most active member; he collected a splendid museum of natural history which he bequeathed to his college; he was an early associate of the Asiatic Society, and contributed largely to its researches; he had translated the â€Å"Ramayana,† the most ancient poem in the Sanscrit language, into three volumes; he was a constant writer in the Friend of India; he founded a college of his own, and obtained for it a royal charter from the King of Denmark; and in these and other ways he helped forward the moral and political reforms which have done so much for Hindustan. He was one of the first to memorialize the Government against the horrid infanticides at Sangor, and he lived to see them put down. He was early in the field to denounce the murderous abominations of the Suttee [sat i], and to oppose to them the authority even of the Hindu Vedas, and he had the satisfaction of seeing them abolished by Lord William Bentinck. He protested all along against the pilgrim tax, and the support afforded by the Bengal Government to the worship of juggernaut, and he did not die until he saw the subject taken up by others who carried it to a triumphant issue. What would have been his devout gratitude, had he lived to see the last links of connection between the Government and the idol temples severed in 1840, and Hindu and Mohammedan laws, which inflicted forfeiture of all civil rights on those who became Christians, abrogated by the Lex Loci Act of 1850! What would have been the joy of Carey, of Martyn, or of Corrie, could they have heard the testimony borne to the character and success of missions in India by Sir Richard Temple, the late Governor of Madras, at a public meeting held last year in Birmingham! He said, â€Å"I have governed a hundred and five millions of the inhabitants of India, and I have been concerned with eighty-five millions more in my official capacity. †¦I have thus had acquaintance wi th, or been authentically informed regarding, nearly all the missionaries of all the societies labouring in India within the last forty years. And what is my testimony concerning these men? They are most efficient as pastors of their native flocks, and as evangelists in preaching in cities and villages from one end of India to the other. In the work of converting the heathen to the knowledge and practice of the Christian religion, they show great learning in all that relates to the native religion and to the caste system. †¦They are, too, the active and energetic friends of the natives in all times of danger and emergency.† So far as to the character of the missionaries. Speaking of their success, he said, â€Å"It has sometimes been stated in the public prints, which speak with authority, that their progress has been arrested. Now, is this really the case? Remember that missionary work in India began in the year 1813, or sixty-seven years ago. There are in the present year not less than 350,000 native Christians, besides 150,000 scholars, who, though not all Christians, are receiving Christian instruction; that is, 500,000 people, or half a million, brought under the influence of Christianity. And the annual rate of increase in the number of native Christians has progressed with advancing years. At first it was reckoned by hundreds yearly, then by thousands, and further on by tens of thousands. †¦But it will be asked, what is the character of these Christian converts in India? what practically is their conduct as Christians? Now, I am not about to claim for them any extreme degree of Christian perfection. But speaking of them as a class, I venture to affirm that the Christian religion has exercised a dominant influence over their lives and has made a decided mark on their conduct. They adhere to their faith under social difficulties. Large sacrifices have to be made by them. †¦The number of apostates may almost be counted on the fingers. †¦There is no such thing as decay in religion, nor any retrogression towards heathenism. On the contrary, they exhibit a laudable desire for the self-support and government of their Church. †¦I believe that if hereafter, during any revolution, any attempts were to be made by secular violence to drive the native Christians back from their religion, many of them would attest their faith by martyrdom.† Carey was not the man to wish or to expect that Government should step out of its sphere in order to enforce Christianity upon the natives. â€Å"Do you not think, Dr. Carey,† asked a Governor-General, â€Å"that it would be wrong to force the Hindus to be Christians?† â€Å"My Lord,† was the reply, â€Å"the thing is impossible; we may, indeed, force men to be hypocrites, but no power on earth can force men to become Christians.† Carey, however, was too clear-headed not to see , and too honest not to say, that it was one thing to profess neutrality, and another to sanction idolatry; that it was one thing to abstain from using earthly power to propagate truth, and quite another to thwart rational and scriptural methods of diffusing it. And he was too much of a statesman, as well as too much of a missionary, not to see that in respect to some tenets of the Hindu system it would be impossible for the Government eventually to remain neutral, inasmuch as they subverted the very foundations upon which all government is based. Such was the man who in the sequel won deserved honour even from hostile critics, and earned high encomiums from even prejudiced judges. Well might Lord Wellesley, who was, perhaps, the greatest of Indian statesmen, say concerning him, after listening to the first Sanscrit speech ever delivered in India by an European, and hearing that in it Carey had recognized his noble efforts for the good of India, â€Å"I esteem such a testimony from such a man a greater honour than the applause of courts and parliaments.† Still, amidst all his labours and all his honours, he kept the missionary enterprise distinctly in view, and during the forty years of his residence in India he gave it the foremost p lace. Several opportunities and no small inducements for returning to his native land were presented to him, but he declined them all. â€Å"I account this my own country,† he said, â€Å"and have not the least inclination to leave it;† and he never did. To the last his translations of the Scriptures and his printing press were his chief care and his chief delight. He counted it so sacred a work that he believed that a portion of the Lord’s-day could not be better employed than in correcting his proof-sheets. In his seventy-third year, when weak from illness and old age, and drawing near to death, he writes, â€Å"I am now only able to sit and to lie upon my couch, and now and then to read a proof-sheet of the Scriptures; but I am too weak to walk more than across the house, nor can I stand even a few minutes without support.† His last work was to revise his Bengali Bible, and on completing it he says, â€Å"There is scarcely anything for which I desired to live a little longer so much as for that.† He went back to Serampore to die; and â€Å"he died in the presence of all his brethren.† It must have been a touching sight to see Dr. Wilson, the Metropolitan of India, standing by the death-bed of the dying Baptist, and asking for his blessing. It bore witness to the large-heartedness both of the prelate and of the missionary, and was a scene that did honour alike to the living and to the dying. Carey in his will directed that his funeral should be as plain as possible; that he should be laid in the same grave with his second wife, the accomplished Charlotte Rumohr, who had been a real helper to him in his work; and that on the simple stone which marked his grave there should be placed this inscription, and no more.